Important topic-Deadlock. What is deadlock, its conditions and what are its recovery methods?

Dear aspirants,

Welcome to visit here, we are discussing here most important topic i.e. Deadlock.

When two or more operations are waiting for each other in an arrangement called deadlock.

 

Deadlock exists among a set of processes if

–        Every process is waiting for an event

–        This event can be caused only by another process in the set

•          Event is the acquire of release of another resource.

Necessary conditions for deadlock to exist:

–        Mutual Exclusion

•          At least one resource must be held is in non-sharable mode

–        Hold and wait

•          There exists a process holding a resource, and waiting for another

–        No preemption

•          Resources cannot be preempted

–        Circular wait

•          There exists a set of processes {P₁, P₂, … P_N}, such that

–        P₁ is waiting for P₂, P₂ for P₃, …. and P_N for P₁

–         

All four conditions cited above must hold for deadlock to occur.

Once deadlock has been detected, some strategy is needed  for recovery. 

The various approaches of recovering from deadlock are:

1.PROCESS TERMINATION

2.RESOURCE PREEMPTION

Process termination” it is one method to recover from deadlock. We uses 2 methods for process termination, these are:

a)      ABORT ALL DEADLOCKED PROCESS : It means release all the processes in the deadlocked state, and start the allocation from the starting point. It is a great expensive method.

ABORT ONE BY ONE PROCESS UNTIL THE DEADLOCK CYCLE IS ELIMINATED : In this method first abort the one of the processes in the deadlocked state, and allocated the resources to some other process in the deadlock state then check whether the deadlock breaked or not. If no, abort the another process from the deadlock state. Continue this process until we recover from deadlock. This method is also expensive but compare with first one it is better.

To eliminate deadlocks using resource preemption, preempt some resources

from processes and give these resources to other processes until the deadlock cycle is broken.

There are 3 methods to eliminate the deadlocks using resource  preemption.These are :

a)      SELECTING A VICTIM : Select a victim resource from the deadlock state, and preempt that one.

b)      ROLLBACK : If a resource from a process is preempted, what should be done with that process. The process must be roll backed  to some safe state and restart it from that state.

c)       STARVATION : It must be guaranteed that resource will not always be preempted from the same process to avoid starvation problem.